Keep America Great Again Red Flag
"Make America Bang-up Again" or MAGA ()[a] is a campaign slogan used in American politics popularized by Donald Trump in his successful 2016 presidential campaign. Ronald Reagan used the similar slogan "Permit'due south Make America Great Again" in his successful 1980 presidential campaign. Nib Clinton also used the phrase in speeches during his successful 1992 presidential campaign and used it once again in a radio commercial aired for his wife Hillary Clinton'due south unsuccessful 2008 presidential primary entrada. Douglas Schoen has called Trump's use of the phrase "probably the nearly resonant campaign slogan in recent history", citing majorities of Americans who believed that the country was in refuse.[ii] [3]
The slogan became a pop civilisation phenomenon, seeing widespread use and spawning numerous variants in the arts, entertainment and politics, being used by those who support and oppose the presidency of Donald Trump.
Since its popularization in the 2010s, the slogan is considered a loaded phrase. Multiple analytic journalists, scholars, and commentators link it to racism in the U.s., regarding it every bit domestic dog-whistle politics and coded language.[4] [5] [6] [seven] The slogan was also at the eye of two events originally reported inaccurately in near media outlets, the Jussie Smollett assault hoax and the Jan 2019 Lincoln Memorial confrontation.[8] [9] [10] [11]
Use before Donald Trump [edit]
Alexander Wiley [edit]
The phrase was first used by Republican senator Alexander Wiley in a oral communication at the third session of the 76th United States Congress in anticipation of the 1940 The states presidential ballot: "What is the way? Here is America. There are 130,000,000 of us. America needs a leader who tin coordinate labor, majuscule, and direction; who can give the man of enterprise encouragement, who tin can requite them the spirit which volition beget vision. That will brand America great again."[12]
Barry Goldwater [edit]
The slogan was found in some advertising associated with Barry Goldwater's unsuccessful 1964 presidential campaign.[13]
Ronald Reagan [edit]
"Allow'southward make America corking again" was famously used in Ronald Reagan'southward 1980 presidential campaign. At the time the United States was suffering from a worsening economy at dwelling marked past stagflation and Reagan, using the state's economic distress as a springboard for his campaign, used the slogan to stir a sense of patriotism amid the electorate.[14] [xv] [sixteen] [17] Inside his acceptance speech at the 1980 Republican National Convention, Reagan said, "For those without job opportunities, we'll stimulate new opportunities, especially in the inner cities where they live. For those who've abased hope, we'll restore promise and we'll welcome them into a keen national cause to make America great again."[18] [19]
Beak Clinton [edit]
The phrase was besides used in speeches[twenty] by Bill Clinton during his 1992 presidential campaign.[21] Clinton also used the phrase in a radio commercial aired for Hillary Clinton'due south 2008 presidential chief campaign.[22]
During the 2016 electoral campaign, Clinton suggested that Trump's version, used as a campaign rallying cry, was a message to white Southerners that Trump was promising to "give you an economy you had l years ago, and... move you back up on the social totem pole and other people down."[23]
Christine O'Donnell [edit]
Christine O'Donnell'due south volume about her unsuccessful 2010 bid as the Republican nominee for a Us Senate seat in Delaware was published past St. Martin's Printing on August xvi, 2011, equally Troublemaker: Permit's Do What It Takes to Brand America Great Again.[24]
Use by Donald Trump [edit]
In December 2011, Trump fabricated a statement in which he said he was unwilling to dominion out running as a presidential candidate in the future, explaining "I must leave all of my options open because, above all else, we must make America great again."[25] Also in Dec 2011, he published a book using as a subtitle the like phrase "Making America #one Once more" – which in a 2015 reissue was changed to "Make America Great Again!"[26]
On January ane, 2012, a group of Trump supporters filed paperwork with the Texas Secretary of State'due south office to create the "Make America Great Once more Political party", which would have allowed Trump to exist that political party's nominee if he had decided to become a third-political party candidate in the 2012 presidential election.[27] Trump himself began using the slogan formally on Nov 7, 2012, the day after Barack Obama won his reelection against Paw Romney. By his own account, Trump get-go considered "We Volition Brand America Peachy", simply did non feel similar it had the right "band" to it. "Make America Great" was his next slogan idea, but upon further reflection, he felt that it was a slight to America because information technology implied that America was never great. After selecting "Make America Great Again", Trump immediately had an attorney register it. (Trump afterward said he was unaware of Reagan's use in 1980 until 2015, but noted that "he didn't trademark it.")[28] On Nov 12 he signed an application with the United States Patent and Trademark Function requesting exclusive rights to use the slogan for political purposes. It was registered as a service mark on July 14, 2015, after Trump formally began his 2016 presidential campaign and demonstrated that he was using the slogan for the purpose stated on the awarding.[29] [28] [30] Trump used the slogan in public as early as August 2013, in an interview with Jonathan Karl.[31]
During the 2016 campaign, Trump often used the slogan, especially by wearing hats emblazoned with the phrase in white letters, which soon became pop amidst his supporters.[32] The slogan was so important to the campaign that at i indicate it spent more on making the hats – sold for $25 each on its website – than on polling, consultants, or goggle box commercials. Millions were sold, and Trump estimated that counterfeit versions outnumbered the real lid ten to i. "...just it was a slogan, and every time somebody buys one, that's an advertisement."[28]
Following Trump's election, the website of his presidential transition was established at greatagain.gov.[33] Trump said in 2017 and 2018 that the slogan of his 2020 reelection campaign would be "Proceed America Great" and he sought to trademark it.[28] [34] Yet, Trump's 2020 entrada continued to use the "Make America Great Once again" slogan.[35] Trump's vice president, Mike Pence, used the phrase "make America great again, again" in his 2020 Republican National Convention speech, garnering ridicule.[36] In tardily 2021, this phrase became the name of a pro-Trump Super-PAC, which was also mocked.[37]
Less than a week afterward Trump left office, he spoke to advisors near possibly establishing a third political party, which he suggested might exist named either the "Patriot Party" or "Make America Peachy Over again Political party". In his first few days out of office, he also supported Arizona state party chairwoman Kelli Ward, who likewise called for the creation of a "MAGA Party". In belatedly January 2021, the former president viewed the proposed MAGA Political party as leverage to prevent Republican senators from voting to captive him during the Senate impeachment trial, and to field challengers to Republicans who voted for his impeachment in the House.[38] [39]
[edit]
Donald Trump took the campaign slogan to social media (primarily to Twitter), using the hashtags #makeamericagreatagain and its acronym #maga. In response to criticism regarding his frequent and untraditional usage of social media, Trump defended himself past tweeting "My employ of social media is not Presidential – it's MODERN DAY PRESIDENTIAL. Make America Great Again!" on July 1, 2017.[40]
In the outset half of 2017, Trump repeated his slogan on Twitter 33 times.[41] In an article for Bloomberg News, Mark Whitehouse noted "A regression assay suggests the phrase adds (very roughly) 51,000 to a post's retweet-and-favorite count, which is important given that the boilerplate Trump tweet attracts a full of 107,000."[41]
Trump attributed his victory (in part) to social media when he said "I won the 2016 election with interviews, speeches, and social media."[42] According to RiteTag,[43] the estimated hourly statistics for #maga on Twitter alone include: 1,304 unique tweets, 5,820,000 hashtag exposure, and 3,424 retweets with 14% of #maga tweets including images, 55% including links, and 51% including mentions.[43]
Donald Trump set upward his Twitter account in March 2009. His follower-count increased significantly following the annunciation (June sixteen, 2015) of his intention to run for president in the 2016 presidential election, with especially notable spikes occurring after his securing the Republican Political party nomination (May 3, 2016) and after winning the presidency.[44]
Accusations of racism [edit]
Regarding its use since 2015, information technology is considered a loaded phrase. Marissa Melton, a Vox of America journalist, amid others,[v] [6] explained how it is a loaded phrase because it "doesn't only appeal to people who hear it as racist coded linguistic communication, merely also to those who accept felt a loss of status as other groups have become more empowered."[four] Every bit Sarah Churchwell explains, the slogan now resonates equally America First did in the early 1940s, with the idea "that the true version of America is the America that looks like me, the American fantasy I imagine existed before it was diluted with other races and other people."[45]
Writing opinion for the Los Angeles Times, Robin Abcarian wrote that "[due west]earing a 'Make America Great Again' chapeau is non necessarily an overt expression of racism. But if you lot wear i, information technology's a pretty good indication that you share, admire or appreciate President Trump's racist views virtually Mexicans, Muslims and border walls."[six] The Detroit Gratis Press and the Los Angeles Times reported how several of their readers rejected this characterization and did not believe the slogan or MAGA hats are bear witness of racism, seeing them more than in patriotic or American nationalist terms.[46] [47] Nicholas Goldberg described the slogan as "fabulous", writing: "Information technology was vague plenty to appeal to optimists generally, while leaving plenty of room for biting and resentful voters to conclude that we were finally going back to the days when they ran the world."[48] Polling has shown that near 10 percent of blackness voters identified as Trump supporters,[49] [ not-primary source needed ] while near thirty percent of Hispanic voters identified equally Trump supporters.[50] [ amend source needed ]
Apply by others [edit]
In politics [edit]
Political commentator and author Peter Beinart published a 2006 book titled The Practiced Fight: Why Liberals – and But Liberals – Can Win the State of war on Terror and Make America Cracking Again [51] drawing on the philosophy of theologian Reinhold Niebuhr after the Invasion of Republic of iraq and early years of the War on Terror. In 2011, Christine O'Donnell published a book about her Republican Senate entrada in the 2010 Delaware special election titled Troublemaker: Let'due south Practise What It Takes To Make America Not bad Again.[52]
Afterwards Donald Trump popularized the use of the phrase, the phrase and modifications of it were widely used in reference both to his election entrada and to his politics. Trump'south chief opponents, Ted Cruz and Scott Walker, began using "Make America Great Once more" in speeches, inciting Trump to send finish-and-desist letters to them.[28] Cruz later sold hats featuring, "Make Trump Debate Again", in response to Trump'south boycotting the Iowa January 28, 2016 debate.[53] The phrase has also been parodied in political statements, such every bit "Make America Mexico Again", a critique of Trump's immigration policies regarding the U.S.–Mexico edge.[54] [55]
Utilise by political rivals [edit]
New York Governor Andrew Cuomo said America "was never that peachy" during a September 2018 bill signing.[56] [57] Old U.s.a. Attorney Full general Eric Holder questioned the slogan in a March 2019 interview on MSNBC, asking: "Exactly when did y'all think America was great?"[58] [59] During John McCain's memorial service on September 1, 2018, his daughter Meghan stated: "The America of John McCain has no need to exist made peachy again considering America was e'er great."[60] Trump subsequently tweeted "MAKE AMERICA GREAT AGAIN!" after that solar day.[61]
Use by hate groups [edit]
A 2018 study using text mining and semantic network analytics of Twitter text and hashtags networks plant that the "#MakeAmericaGreatAgain" and "#MAGA" hashtags were ordinarily used by white supremacist and white nationalist users, and had been used as "an organizing discursive space" for far-correct extremists globally.[62]
Other countries [edit]
In June 2017, Emmanuel Macron, President of France, rebuked Trump over withdrawing from the Paris Agreement. The final sentence of the speech delivered by him was "brand our planet corking once more."[63]
During his campaign for the 2019 Indonesian presidential election in October 2018, onetime opposition leader Prabowo Subianto used the phrase "brand Indonesia groovy again", though he denied having copied Trump.[64]
During the Swedish European Parliament election in May 2019, the Swedish Christian Democratic Party used the slogan "Brand European union Lagom Again".[65] [66]
Members of the Fridays for Future Move have frequently used slogans similar "Make Earth Greta Again", referring to activist Greta Thunberg.[67] In 2019, Grant Armour and Milene Larsson co-directed a documentary film named Make the World Greta Once more.[68]
In popular culture [edit]
The phrase and its variants are widely used and parodied in media.
Adult entertainment [edit]
- Adult film star Stormy Daniels, who allegedly had an affair with President Trump, took part in a "Make America Horny Again" strip social club tour. The tour followed Trump's initial 2016 campaign trail and part of the revenue was donated to Planned Parenthood.[69]
Advertising [edit]
- A Dunk-a-roos marketing campaign used the slogan "Make America Dunk Over again".[70]
Artwork [edit]
- Make Everything Great Again was a street art mural past artist Mindaugas Bonanu in Vilnius, Republic of lithuania.[71] [72]
Comedy [edit]
- Comedian David Cross's 2016 stand-up bout was titled "Making America Keen Again".[73]
Conventions and events [edit]
- In 2016, two Dragon Con cosplayers claiming an association with Adult Swim and Drawing Network, and dressed as the World Trade Center during the September 11 attacks, wore "Make FishCenter Cracking Again" hats.[74] [75] [76]
Fashion [edit]
- Fashion Designer Andre Soriano used the "Make America Corking Again" Official presidential entrada Flag to design a MAGA Gown for celebrities in Hollywood to clothing on Ruby Carpet e.1000. 2017 Grammy Awards.[77]
Films [edit]
- In Hot Fuzz (2007), Inspector Frank Butterman says "Make Sandford Groovy Again" to Sergeant Nicholas Angel.[78]
- In Holmes & Watson (2018), Sherlock Holmes wears a "Make England Neat Again" fez lid in one scene.[79]
- The Syfy film Sharknado five: Global Swarming (2017) was released with the tagline "Make America Allurement Again".[80]
- The tagline for The Purge: Election Year (2016) is "Proceed America Great" (a phrase Trump would subsequently use as his 2020 campaign slogan); one of the Television receiver spots for the picture featured Americans who explained why they support the Purge, with ane stating he does so "to keep my country [America] great".[81] The next motion-picture show in the franchise, The First Purge, was subsequently advertised with a poster featuring its title stylized on a MAGA hat.[82]
- The graphic symbol Paul in Da five Bloods is an avid Trump supporter and sports a MAGA hat throughout the film.[83]
Games [edit]
- In Assassin's Creed Odyssey (2018), Cleon says "Brand Athens Great Again" during his entrada against Pericles.
- In the video game Mortal Kombat eleven (2019), Shao Kahn urges Mortal Kombat11 newcomer Kollector to "make Outworld great once again".
- The video game Wolfenstein: The New Colossus (2017) used "Make America Nazi-Costless Again" in its marketing campaign.[84]
- In Metal Gear Ascent: Revengeance (2013), Senator Steven Armstrong uses the phrase "Brand America Corking Once more" during his speech while battling Raiden.[85]
Music [edit]
- Autumn Out Male child released a remix of their album American Beauty/American Psycho titled Make America Psycho Again.[86]
- Rapper Kevin Gates released a vocal in 2018 called M.A.T.A, meaning Brand America Trap Again.[87]
- Brand America Stone Over again was a rock concert tour.[88]
- Rap rock supergroup Prophets of Rage, consisting of members of Rage Against the Car, Public Enemy and Cypress Hill, called their 2017 nationwide tour the "Make America Rage Again Tour", using a stage backdrop reminiscent of a MAGA chapeau.
- UK musician and author James Kennedy released a rock protest album in 2020 called 'Brand Anger Neat Once again'[89]
- Snoop Dogg released a song titled "Make America Crip Again".[90]
- Frank Turner released a vocal chosen "Make America Not bad Again" on his album Be More Kind (2018).
- Singer Joy Villa produced a unmarried "Brand America Neat Once again" a few months after appearing at the 2017 Grammy Awards in a 'MAGA' dress.[91]
- Rapper Lil Wayne wore a lid maxim Make America Skate again in Chance the Rapper's video No Problem
- Hip Hop Producer Zaytoven released an anthology titled Make America Trap Once more (2019), with cover art inspired by the Barack Obama "Hope" poster.[92]
- Russian activists and artists Pussy Anarchism released a song titled Make America Bang-up Once again.[93]
- Metal band Thy Art Is Murder released a song called "Brand America Hate Again" on their album Human Target (2019). They besides sell a hat with the slogan "Make Deathcore Great Again".
Sports [edit]
- So-Washington Nationals baseball outfielder Bryce Harper wore a hat maxim "Brand Baseball Fun Again" during a postgame interview in 2016.
Books and Publications [edit]
- Author Octavia E. Butler used "Make America Great Again" every bit the presidential campaign slogan for a graphic symbol, Andrew Steele Jarret, in her 1998 dystopian novel, Parable of the Talents.[94] Jarret is described as "a demagogue, a rabble-rouser, and a hypocrite [who] pulled religion and government together and cemented the link with money from rich businessmen".[95]
- Author Andre Louis wrote and published "Make America Engagement Once again",[96] a satirical book on dating and relationships.
Television set [edit]
- John Oliver spoofed the slogan on his show Last Week This evening with John Oliver in a segment dedicated to Trump, urging viewers to "Brand Donald Drumpf Again", in reference to the original ancestral proper name of the Trump family.[97] [98] The segment broke HBO viewership records, garnering 85 million views.[98]
- In the S Park episode "Where My State Gone?" (2015), supporters of Mr. Garrison, who runs a entrada that is a parody of Trump'southward, are seen holding signs bearing the slogan.[99]
- In the Star Trek: Discovery episode "What's By Is Prologue" (2018), Gabriel Lorca vows to "brand the Empire glorious over again", a line that was compared to Trump by many reviewers.[100] [101] [102] [103]
Notes [edit]
- ^ Pronunciation used past Trump.[i]
References [edit]
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Trump's slogan, 'Make America great again', seemed to invoke a return to a Never Never Country of white male supremacy, where coal was an awesome fuel, blue-color manufacturing jobs were what they had been in 1956, women belong in the habitation, and the needs of white men were paramount.
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He volition exist elected past local people who desire to regain their lost freedoms and make America not bad again
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- ^ Koblin, John (March ix, 2016). "John Oliver Sells Out of 'Make Donald Drumpf Again' Caps". The New York Times . Retrieved Nov 5, 2018.
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External links [edit]
- Reagan at the 1980 GOP convention
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Make_America_Great_Again
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